Essential Guide to Cusco: What to Know Before You Go

Why Cusco Should Be Your Next Travel Destination

Cusco (or Cuzco), once the heart of the Inca Empire, is now one of the most popular destinations in Peru. Known for its rich history, stunning architecture, and proximity to Machu Picchu, Cusco offers travelers an unforgettable experience.

Whether you’re planning a cultural exploration, a hiking adventure, or a deep dive into ancient ruins, Cusco is the perfect gateway to discovering the wonders of Peru. But before you pack your bags, here are the essential things you need to know before visiting Cusco.

In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about Cusco: from when to visit, to how to adjust to the altitude, where to stay, and what to do once you arrive.

Best Time to Visit Cusco: When to Go and Why

Cusco’s weather is characterized by two main seasons: the dry season and the rainy season. The best time to visit Cusco is during the dry season from May to September. During these months, you can expect clear skies and cooler temperatures, making it perfect for hiking, sightseeing, and outdoor adventures.

However, keep in mind that June and July are the peak tourist months, coinciding with Peru’s Inti Raymi Festival. If you’re okay with large crowds, this is a great time to experience the local culture.

The rainy season, from November to April, brings more frequent showers, especially in January and February, but this is when the region is less crowded, and prices for accommodations and tours can be lower. 

I have to say I loved visiting during the rainy season, and it definitely has its advantages. Just know that you may not get to hike the Inca trail depending on when you go.

I was there for Carnivales, a celebration held all around South America. And of course, during the celebration, it rained.

Altitude: How to Adjust to Cusco’s High Elevation

Cusco is located at an altitude of 3,400 meters (11,200 feet) above sea level, which can lead to altitude sickness for some visitors. Symptoms can include headaches, dizziness, shortness of breath, and nausea.

Here are some practical tips to help you adjust:

• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to help your body acclimatize.
• Take it Easy: Avoid strenuous activities for the first 24-48 hours and give your body time to adjust.
• Eat Light: Eating heavy meals can worsen altitude sickness, so stick to light and nutritious meals.
• Coca Leaves or Tea: Locals often chew coca leaves or drink coca tea to help with altitude adjustment (you can find it in most cafes and restaurants).

Most visitors experience some level of discomfort, but following these tips will help you have a more enjoyable experience in Cusco.

Transportation in Cusco: How to Get Around the City

Cusco is a compact city, so walking is the most convenient way to explore the main attractions. However, there are other transportation options for exploring farther afield.

• Taxis: Taxis are abundant in Cusco, but make sure to agree on a price before you start your ride. Many taxis don’t have meters, so negotiate the fare beforehand.
• Collectivos: These are shared minivans that follow fixed routes and are a cheap way to get around. They’re especially handy for short trips to nearby towns.
• Buses: Public buses are available, but they can be crowded and difficult to navigate for first-time visitors.
• Walking: Many of Cusco’s top attractions (like Plaza de Armas, Sacsayhuamán, and Qorikancha) are within walking distance of each other, so walking is the most scenic and practical option.

Where to Stay in Cusco: Accommodation Options for Every Budget

Cusco offers a wide range of accommodation options, from budget-friendly hostels to luxurious boutique hotels.

Here’s a breakdown of your options:

• Luxury: If you’re looking for a high-end experience, consider staying at hotels like Belmond Hotel Monasterio or Palacio del Inka, both offering elegant accommodations with historical charm.
• Mid-Range: For a comfortable stay without breaking the bank, try places like Tambo del Inka or Novotel Cusco, which offer great service and central locations.
• Budget: Backpackers and budget travelers will love the affordability of hostels like Milhouse Cusco and The Wild Rover. These hostels offer dorm rooms and social atmospheres perfect for meeting fellow travelers.
• Airbnb: If you prefer a more local experience, consider booking an Airbnb or renting an apartment. This is a great option for longer stays or those looking for more space and privacy.

What to Pack for Cusco: Packing Tips and Essentials

Packing for Cusco can be a bit tricky due to its unique weather conditions. Here’s a checklist to ensure you're prepared for the diverse conditions:

• Layered Clothing: Cusco can be hot during the day and chilly at night, so bring layers. A lightweight jacket, sweaters, and a rain jacket are must-haves.
• Comfortable Shoes: Cusco’s cobblestone streets and the many ruins you’ll visit require comfortable walking shoes, preferably ones with good grip for hiking.
• Sunscreen & Sunglasses: Even though it’s cooler at high altitudes, the sun in Cusco is strong, so don’t forget sunscreen and sunglasses.
• Insect Repellent: If you plan on visiting the Sacred Valley or the Amazon, bring insect repellent to avoid mosquito bites.
• Water Bottle: Staying hydrated is essential, especially in Cusco’s dry climate.

Things to Do in Cusco: Top Attractions You Can’t Miss

Cusco is filled with iconic attractions and experiences. Here are some top recommendations:

• Plaza de Armas: The heart of Cusco, surrounded by stunning colonial architecture and historical sites.
• Sacsayhuamán: An impressive Inca fortress offering panoramic views of Cusco and an insight into ancient Incan construction techniques.
• Qorikancha (Temple of the Sun): A fascinating site that once housed the most important temple in the Inca Empire.
• San Pedro Market: A vibrant market where you can shop for local produce, souvenirs, and Peruvian street food.
• Inca Trail to Machu Picchu: Cusco is the starting point for the famous Inca Trail, a 4-day hike through breathtaking scenery leading to the iconic Machu Picchu.

And if you're good with traveling outside of Cusco for some day trips, check these out.

Safety Tips for Travelers in Cusco

Cusco is generally safe for tourists, but like any popular tourist destination, there are a few precautions you should take:

• Beware of Pickpockets: Keep an eye on your belongings, especially in crowded areas like markets and bus stations.
• Avoid Walking Alone at Night: While Cusco is relatively safe, it's best to take a taxi if you're out after dark.
• Use Trusted Tour Companies: When booking excursions or tours, choose reputable companies to ensure your safety and enjoyment.

Ready for Your Cusco Adventure?

Now that you know what to expect, it’s time to start planning your unforgettable adventure in Cusco!

Whether you’re hiking the Inca Trail, soaking in the history of the Sacred Valley, or exploring the city’s stunning ruins, Cusco is sure to leave a lasting impression. By following this guide and preparing ahead of time, you’ll be ready to make the most of your time in this incredible city.

Happy travels, and enjoy every moment of your journey through Cusco!